Olympic game development is  rushed,  expensive and large-scaled.  Now, more than ever, winning the right to host Olympic games also comes with large-scale responsibility. Olympic game hosts are given the opportunity to present their country as leader of the current  times -  and in our time, its becoming more and more obvious that such large-scale development must be carefully pursued by the sustainability conscious.

London took this challenge and ran with it. The new East-London Olympic park that will soon boast world-class sporting facilities for the 2012 summer Olympics was once, not too long ago, just an unvisited, industrial wasteland.

Over the last couple of years (work began in spring of 2008), Landscape architects have worked the brownfield site into a transformational park for London. Before construction, the East-London polluted area was secluded and fragmented by pylons and railways. An eyesore for those who passed by, the area was largely abandoned and unlivable. This is why the neighborhoods that surround the future Olympic park will be so dramatically revitalized with this 500 acre transformation. Planners expect the park to serve as a hub for East London, creating opportunities for education, cultural development and training, and jobs.

They are calling it the city´s new ¨sustainable quarter¨ for the community to enjoy after the games. A closer look at the reasons behind this sustainability claim has uncovered impressive efforts:

although more than 200 buildings were demolished before construction, 97% of this material was reclaimed for reuse in the creation of the park. For example, the green-way, which will be the key walking and bicycling route has been created with recycled materials like bricks, man-hole covers, paving stones, and tiles that were salvaged from previous site demolition. Hundreds of thousands of tonnes of soil upturned during demolition is being cleaned and reused for the park instead of being transported off site, and more than 20 million gallons of contaminated groundwater was treated as well. To reduce the amount of carbon-emissions released in the construction process, rail and water routes surrounding the site were utilized for transportation of materials to and from the park. These waterways were cleaned and improved for future use during the construction process too.

Before development, river walls were failing, invasive species were taking over the river banks, and water quality was poor due to years of neglect. A multi- million pound dredging program removed tons of silt and rusting artifacts, including a car or two. Now the waters will be a more accessible habitat, both for the wildlife that has been protected during demolition and construction phases, but also for the newly translocated newts,toads,lizards, and fish. Bird´s nests have also been created on and around site. 45 hectares of diverse wildlife habitat will also host more than 4,000 trees, 74,000 plants, 60,000 bulbs and 300,000 wetland plants.  Also, the invasive Japanese knotweed plant was largely cleared from the area. A staff of ecologists is keeping a close eye on the new wildlife habitat

Regarding the sport-related construction:

Olympic park venues have been designed to be energy and resource efficient.

The Velodrome is nearly 100% naturally ventilated and it´s design maximises the use of natural light to reduce energy consumption. Rain water will also be collected from the rooftop, which is made of unwanted gas pipelines, for flushing toilets and park irrigation. The stadium´s river banks will be lin ed with granite from King George V docks.

Within the building, water used to clean the Olympic swimming pool will be recycled for toilet flushing as well and the energy used to power Olympic venues will be provided by a new energy center network, providing low-carbon power and heat using biomass boilers and other new technologies. Although not nearly carbon neutral, a combined Cooling Heat and Power plant will capture the heat generated by electricity production, making it 30% more efficient than traditional generation. Many of the Olympic venues and bridges will also have living habitat spaces incorporated into walls and roofs.Materials for venue construction must be approved socially and environmentally responsible before contractors build, and a concrete batching plant that recycles materials in place of raw-materials, has been set up on site to reduce the carbon expenditure of transporting the heavy material.

London has turned this potentially carbon-draining large-scale development into, probably, one of the most beneficial developments- both socially and environmentally – that the city has seen. By focusing development to one of the most disadvantaged areas of the English capital, the Olympic site will sustain its social value through its ability to support the environmental systems of the area.

While preparing the URBACT Biannual report, we found some interesting information regarding sustainable urban development. One of them is Sostre Cívic, a non-profit association that aims to provide planning solutions applicable to our society through non speculative access to housing.

This project sets up a model called ‘cooperative housing use’. These cooperatives, unlike the usual housing cooperatives, do not dissolve after handing over the housing units. They remain active and maintain the ownership of homes, preventing their entry into the market and the increase, therefore, of the speculation.
Like any traditional building society, a down payment is required to access this model, which is nine times less than the usual deposit, followed by a monthly fee for life (an amount slightly less than a rent). Once the construction loan settled, the fee can be used to create a fund for community improvements, for outreach or for the granting of loans to the use of other cooperatives.

As the cooperative is the owner of the housing for life, and since the housing units do not get in the speculative market, contrary to traditional housing models, a permanent stock of affordable housing is created. The fact that the cooperative is indefinite and does not dissolve, gives future residents a long term investment opportunity. Moreover, it helps improving the environmental and energy quality of the buildings thus reducing costs for users and clients, while promoting the existence of shared spaces and social relationships.

The model is working in the city of Manresa, already home to 9 families, and there are two projects underway that will host 33 more families. At the institutional level, the model has been successfully introduced in the Housing Plan for Catalonia, and now it has been brought forward to the state level.

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Credits:  the photo was taken by See-ming Lee | License: CC BY-SA 2.0

Most of us assume that if the words  ¨eco¨ ¨green¨or ¨sustainable¨ are in the headline of an article, than the writer is speaking about an environmentally and socially responsible subject. These articles inform public understanding of the environmental terms used and shape the culture that either embraces or rejects them.

Writers hold a dangerous amount of power-  not enough of us readers are questioning whether it´s alright to determine that a product is green just because it, for example, is a natural sweetener . If we don’t know how these natural sweeteners are harvested- whether the environment is being unreasonably exploited or not, or if the harvesters are paid fair wages – then, as readers, are we supposed to understand  that agave syrup is ¨green¨ because it´s healthy? With this discourse, wouldn´t an energy sucking  treadmill be green too?

So, you see, these words cannot not be written thoughtlessly, or they generate public confusion. Journalist´s and blogger’s lack of questioning the standards for  terms they use has made it acceptable for any and all company’s to greenwash their products.

When, a couple weeks ago, the New York Times green column published an article titled Coverage of Green Issues Becomes More Specialized,  my first reaction was ¨great! Finally somebody is going to acknowledge the necessity to better define these terms¨. However after finishing  the column, I was even more disappointed with journalist coverage of green issues than I was before I started.

Writer Kate Galbraith speaks about the recent history of green coverage, starting with the unsettling comment, ¨Journalists spotted a trend and responded with enthusiasm¨. She then goes on to speak about the ¨natural evolution¨ of green issues falling off the front page of newspapers. Journalists are ¨a little less wide-eyed and a little more picky¨, she writes as she notes that cutting edge topics are now questions like ¨who´s not going green?¨and ¨what are the difficulties of going green?

I don´t see this change as a ¨natural evolution of journalists becoming more picky¨, like Galbraith suggests, so much as I consider it a natural progression of journalists having lost their readership due to the unsupported nature of green claims. When there is no standard for what makes an initiative ¨sustainable¨, the adjective becomes meaningless, and we,  as  readers,  lose interest.

Journalists and bloggers have blindly dug themselves into a tunnel of ¨eco-mania ¨, chasing self-proclaimed green-products and -companies without ever questioning  whether they were really headed in the right direction. Now. they’ve found their only way out of this ¨eco-trend¨ is to retrace their steps and criticize  the very subjects that  they might have supported six months ago.

Journalists aren’t getting more ¨picky¨. If they were doing that, they would begin to treat these buzz words differently. They would weed out the truly environmentally-responsible initiatives from the impostors. The New York Times would begin to regain the readership that has lost patience with their writer’s empty green-claims if they were to feature only real examples of environmental leadership.

Or, perhaps they are…

The last New York Times Magazine´s travel section featured the ultimate eco-resort , Nihiwatu , which also happens to be the most exclusive and lavish surf destination in the world. The story, set on the indonesian island of Sumba,  boasts characters such as  a count and countess, an heir to the Hermès name and fortune, a French diplomat, and the artistic director for the fine jewelry division of Louis Vuitton. Jeweler, Lorenz Bäumer, is quoted as begging the reporter,  Adam Fisher,  to keep the destination a secret.

All of those big names in one place starts one´s  thinking… how much money does it actually cost to experience this eco-resort? A closer look at Nihiwatu´s website won´t give you prices, but it will answer your question about where your maid can sleep, if you choose to bring her along…

I guess Ms. Galbraith got it right when she reported that ¨Companies taking measures to go green still can make headlines, but whatever they do that gets such attention usually has to be unusual in some way¨. Journalists are getting pickier-  The new york times will feature your eco-resort, but only if it is inaccessible to anyone but those who belong to the fortune 500.

Setting aside the bourgeois undertones, it´s interesting to note that this article actually  begins to dig a little deeper at the meaning of ¨eco¨. Although the  Nihiwatu´s efforts  to insure that the island´s ecology and local culture be left undisturbed uncomfortably double as efforts to ensure the resorts exclusive prestige,  the  initiatives are worth acknowledging.

The off-the-grid resort manages to produce much of its own food, electricity and diesel fuel. Dried coconut meat (copra) is pressed for oil and fed to Nihiwatu’s biodiesel  generators. The article points out that, because copra can be harvested with nothing more than a machete, it puts cash directly into the hands of those who need it most. Nihiwatus owner, Claude Graves also plans to  eliminate air conditioning entirely for the next round of guest accommodations, which will be treehouses built from bamboo grown on site. Graves also has a strict policy about visitors: only 30 outsiders on the property at any one time, and never more than 10 in the water. This is to ensure that the beach stays wild.

In short: Nihiwatu is very good at conserving the Sumbanese paradise, which makes it´s visitors very happy.

(photo credit :archipelago-travel.com)

Achieving environmental conservation of an area by restricting human access to it is not a new phenomenon. However, i´m not sure the story has ever been told like this. This article stirs interesting questions about how privilege and environmentalism are related, and perhaps inter-dependent. It suggests that ultimate luxury is to have access to preserved nature. It suggests that preserved nature needs luxurious funds to stay that way.

It suggests that, in order to enjoy the most minimally invasive nature initiatives,  one must dish out the cash to support them. Of course, it is doubtful that Nihiwatu is the only thing keeping the island from being commercialized and its nature and culture destroyed,  but the half million dollars raised at the resort each year to support The Sumba Foundation which, as the article reports, digs wells, builds health clinics, fights malnutrition and links the resort and the villagers in a circle of green development, does play an important role in helping the Sumbanese adapt to 21st century life without exploiting their natural resources. And that is what sustainable development is all about.

(photo credit:http://www.metro.co.uk)

Still, access-issues remain a controversial subject at the island of Sumba. When locals are no longer allowed to visit their own island´s beaches, and the only tourists who have access are wealthy VIPs, there is definitely a social-equity issue in question, which many people consider consider to be a key component of sustainably.

Defining these terms-  ¨eco¨¨green¨¨sustainability¨- is not an easy task, nor a task for just one individual alone. But the media has the responsibility to report the truth- and so journalists must use these terms more responsibly.

Instead of writing articles like Coverage of Green Issues Becomes More Specialized that speak about a new trends in environmental-reporting,  journalists should begin to more deeply investigate the green-claims they´ve already made. What makes an eco-resort ecological? What is the difference between ecological and sustainable? What more do natural products have to do in order to be considered green? These are the sort of stories that the audience who has checked out of readership wan´t to see. These are the stories that will generate dialog-  dialog that will produce environmental terms with acknowledged universal meaning.

I very much enjoyed the project bring buddy.  A project developed by students at the School of Design Thinking in Potsdam, in cooperation with the DHL Innovation Center. The challenge of the project is to enable transport and logistics of goods in future urban areas, where energy is expensive, CO2 emissions per capita are limited and access by car is restricted, while the need of transporting goods still rises (because of more individualized products, internet shopping etc.).

bring buddy is a social web of people who carry parcels and letters for other people in their area. The system behind bring. BUDDY analyzes the daily routes of its members and anonymously assigns parcels to people who can take them along. The parcels therefore find their ‘natural‘ ways through the city or to the next logistic hub, where they can be picked up by professional carriers.

bring.BUDDIES identify themselves via mobile phones when they pick up or drop a packet. If they want to participate they just turn on a bring.BUDDY-App on their cell phone. The altruistic idea behind bring.BUDDY is to enable people to help other people. But by carrying parcels bring.BUDDIES can also foster financial efficiencies: They collect points which then can be redeemed for other bring.BUDDY services, public transport tickets or products at bring.BUDDY partner stores. In order to make it more fun, bring.BUDDIES can start parcel carrying competitions on the platform and compete against other bring.BUDDIES.

For more info on the project in german or in english.

Berlin is well known for it’s population’s frequent reclamation of abandoned tenement buildings, but the past couple of years have seen an even more impressive trend of the reuse of seemingly uninhabitable dark spaces for art showings and cultural gatherings.

Galerie Unter Berlin
Eight meters below ground, Galerie unter Berlin exists in the cellar of a former brewery. The 500 square meter space recently opened to the public in fall 2010 and serves as a venue for gallery art and performance pieces.

The dark space and creative lighting creates a dramatic effect that highlights the unique nature of the location and the art pieces featured, which always incorporate at least two different forms of creative expression.

Location: Straßburgersraße 53, 10405 Berlin

Photo Credit: http://www.flickr.com/photos/tanzapartment/

Buros Sammlung

The bunker that once held members of the soviet army, served as a fruit storage center, a textile warehouse and then as a techno- fetish- club that would host illegal parties, now provides the gallery space for the the Christian Buros private art collection.

The view within the bunker would be virtually pitch-black without lighting, which artists like Olafur Eliasson take advantage of, creating breathtaking light installations that incorporate the unique bunker space itself.

Location: Reinhardtstraße 30, 10117 Berlin-Mitte

Photo Credit: http://www.sammlung-boros.de

Trafo

A power station of the former East German government turned exhibition venue, Trafo, describes itself as a space for cultural and societal change. All the  exhibitions, performances, concerts and other events that Trafo hosts  have a focus on Interdisciplinary collaboration and sustainability.

Concerned by current societal focus on individualism and the superiority of infinite economic growth without regard to the earth’s limited resources, Trafo believes that a change of ethical values is overdue.This venue serves as a place for creative, future-forward thinkers to engage in discussion about urbanism, new land-use, and flexible stucture.

Trafo‘s goal is to combine discussions of best-practise and utopia to produce creative strategies for urban social change.

Location:Köpenicker Straße 59 -73, 10179 Berlin-Mitte

Photo Credit:www.fineartberlin.de

Researcher looks for link between people’s health and where they live
We know that smoking causes cancer, yet we still light up. We know that overeating causes obesity and diabetes, yet we still overeat. We know that exercise makes us healthier, yet we can’t resist the couch’s siren song.

We all want to be healthier, and we know how to become so. Yet we just don’t do it.

S.V. Subramanian, associate professor of society, human development, and health at the Harvard School of Public Health and a researcher at the Center for Population and Development Studies, has heard all of the theories explaining why living a healthy lifestyle is so difficult. We’re predisposed to pack on pounds to survive the famine that, in olden days, was certainly coming. We’re addicted to the nicotine in cigarettes and the fat in burgers, which get their hooks into us. Convenience is key: Who can drag themselves to the gym every day and cook healthy meals of nuts, fruits, and vegetables when the golden arches beckon?

Subramanian understands that those theories may help explain our resistance to things that are health promoting. Indeed, explanations based on the idea that we are programmed to be who we are and do what we do appear to be returning with some force in recent years with an explosion of genetics research.

But he feels that this has often come at the exclusion of other factors. In particular, the idea that our environments — the places where we live and work and play — may also be important.

“If it’s environment, then there are levers we can pull,” Subramanian said.

Subramanian has embarked on a study that will examine the link between health and location. The study will utilize several longitudinal nationwide data sets to get to the roots of the linkages between neighborhoods and health.

In doing so, he’ll compare health statistics such as those gathered by the Framingham Heart Study, which recorded health outcomes of three generations and followed people as they moved around the country. He’ll probe the age when healthy behavior is formed in the National Longitudinal Study for Adolescent Health, which examines 9- to 16-year-olds. The third data set is a national health and retirement survey of those 50 and older who were recruited in 1992 and revisited several times since then.

Subramanian also plans to use data from national geographic information systems (GIS) and plot the locations of businesses that might be detrimental to health, such as liquor stores and fast-food restaurants, as well as those that might be helpful to maintaining a more beneficial lifestyle, such as health clubs and parks. He can overlay that information with data from the studies and census data on income, race, and ethnicity, creating a rich picture of health and location.

“There’s a thought that poor neighborhoods are underserviced, but we don’t know if that’s true,” Subramanian said.

Subramanian, who received an investigator award in health policy research from the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation to pursue this work, said the effort is like finding hot spots, places that are both socially and resource disadvantaged. In addition, he said, instances when these two aspects do not appear together may also offer interesting insights.

Though medical science often looks to intervene at the personal level — helping a patient to make healthy choices — the research may show that there are also effective interventions that can be made at the neighborhood level, such as tax cuts for health-related industries to move into a neighborhood, or incentives for nonprofits to conduct activities that encourage better health.

“What are the things that we can change about a place without having to move the people?” Subramanian said. “It’s an interesting public policy question: Should interventions be at the person level or a higher level, a school or neighborhood?”

One unusual wrinkle that Subramanian is planning to investigate is the extent that free will plays in people living in unhealthy neighborhoods. People generally choose the places where they live, and while some seek parks and good schools, others may select for other factors. Though there is a myth of social mobility in this country, Subramanian said it is actually quite difficult to change social class, and most people end up in neighborhoods like the one they left out of constraints or choice.

“We can learn about health-seeking behavior,” Subramanian said. “I want to quantify how much health and health-related conditions drive the choice of neighborhoods.”

Subramanian said examination of that last factor is important because it has been raised in critiques of other studies, and Subramanian wants to bring data to bear on it.

It’s important, Subramanian said, to understand that exposure to neighborhood landscapes doesn’t equate to taking a fast-acting pill or poison. Instead, effects of neighborhood conditions may lag exposure or accumulate over time. In addition, the life stage at which one is exposed may also matter. When the three-and-a-half-year study is completed, Subramanian plans to write a book on health and disadvantage in American neighborhoods.

“If you have an environmental exposure in a neighborhood, it’s not going to show up for a long time,” Subramanian said. “If you’re exposed in utero, it may not show up for 25 years.”

Article from Harvard Science.

Mr. Subramanian is an associate professor of society, human development, and health at the Harvard School of Public Health and a researcher at the Center for Population and Development Studies.

Hoy iniciamos una nueva sección #followresearch donde publicaremos trabajos de investigación que consideramos relevantes. Presentamos el trabajo de Marta Guerra, arquitecta a la que conocí el pasado mes de Agosto  en nuestro primer viaje a Boston por el inicio del curso en Harvard.

Marta Guerra Pastrián es Arquitecta por la Escuela Técnica Superior de Arquitectura de Madrid y Urban Designer por la Universidad de Columbia de Nueva York, donde estudió gracias a una Beca de la Fundación Cajamadrid. Ha vivido y trabajado en Madrid, Nueva York y Boston. Trabaja junto a Pablo Pérez Ramos, y ambos centran su interés en la intersección de las disciplinas de la Arquitectura, el Urban Design y el Paisaje, y especialmente en los espacios [ sub]urbanos en procesos de transición y semi-abandono. Actualmente trabajan y estudian en Cambridge, Massachussetts.

Su Blog pueblosmenguantes.wordpress.com expone una investigación acerca del impacto social y paisajístico del abandono rural en España. Esta investigación estudia el fenómeno de los pueblos menguantes como un potencial campo para el desarrollo de nuevas estrategias espaciales. Constituye una crítica a las corrientes de pensamiento predominantes y a las actuales políticas sociales y económicas, que proponen el crecimiento como único modelo de desarrollo posible. Mientras que “abandono rural” sigue connotando decadencia, deterioro y disminución, este trabajo propone nuevas operaciones entre la arquitectura, el paisaje y la gestión del territorio, formuladas mediante la re-imaginación de cuatro alternativas de futuro que reivindican el decrecimiento como una oportunidad.

Os dejamos con su trabajo:

- el Travelogue del viaje

- el plano que se pliega y se desdobla de diferentes maneras para simular las múltiples lecturas de la investigación

- El blog

- Su portfolio a continuación:

Shrinking Villages

Si estás realizando una investigación  y te gustaría publicarla en esta sección, contáctanos usando nuestro formulario de contacto.

ecosistema urbano will be present at the conference  Sustainability in Motion, taking place in Aarhus next November 5^th hosted by the Danish Architects’ Association.  Other speakers will be Lia Ghilardi from Noema Research and Planning (England) and Patricia Patkau from Patkau Architects (Canada). Related to the event they have interviewed us. The interview is available in their webpage.

More info on the workshop and lecture here

We believe that schools play a pivotal role in moving us beyond our growing environmental crises and toward a sustainable society. We recognize schooling for sustainability as a process that fosters abundant living on a finite planet and makes teaching and learning come alive.

We bring a passion to our work that stems from our conviction that the best hope for learning to live sustainably lies in schooling that returns to the real basics: engaging with the natural world; understanding how nature sustains life; nurturing healthy communities; exploring the consequences of how we feed and provision ourselves; caring about the places where we live and the people and creatures in them.

We are inspired by the growing movement of educators, parents, and community members who embrace this vision.

The Center for Ecoliteracy is a leader in the green schooling movement.

Smart by Nature™, the Center’s framework and services for schooling for sustainability, is based on two decades of work with schools and organizations in more than 400 communities across the United States and numerous other countries.

The Center is best known for its pioneering work with school gardens, school lunches, and integrating ecological principles and sustainability into school curricula.

The Center for Ecoliteracy offers books; teaching guides; professional development seminars; a sustainability leadership academy; keynote presentations; and consulting services. Among its books for educators, parents, and other people interested in sustainability are:
- Smart by Nature: Schooling for Sustainability (foreword by Daniel Goleman);
- Ecological Literacy: Educating Our Children for a Sustainable World (foreword by David W. Orr);
- Big Ideas: Linking Food, Culture, Health, and the Environment (foreword by Michael Pollan).

The Center’s work has been praised by numerous organizations, including the National Science Teachers Association, National Wildlife Federation, North American Association for Environmental Education, and Participant Media, producers of the Academy Award nominee Food, Inc. Others who have endorsed its work include Daniel Goleman, Richard Heinberg, David W. Orr, Michael Pollan, Frances Moore Lappé, Joanna Macy, and Alice Waters.

The Center for Ecoliteracy was cofounded by Fritjof Capra, physicist and systems thinker; Peter Buckley, former CEO of Esprit International and environmental philanthropist; and Zenobia Barlow, now its executive director. It is located in the award-winning David Brower Center, a home for environmental and social action in Berkeley, California.

The Center’s website offers hundreds of downloadable resource materials, including practical guides, essays by leading writers and experts, and inspiring stories of school communities and organizations across the country that are engaged in this vital work.

MORE INFO: ecoliteracy.org

Objective
The aim of this project is to make people aware of the increasing amount of rubbish we throw away and choices for its disposal. How many times have we thought to ourselves “What a pity to throw this away!”. It just shows how often people throw away items which can still be used. RCA wants to change our attitude towards these objects and offer them a second life: if we throw away something “with love”, then someone else may “love it again”. What has become useless to someone, can become useful to someone else.
RCA enables the public to think twice before getting rid of unnecessary belongings and points out the importance of “wasting” in a critical and conscious way.

RCA Dustbin
The project is implemented through the RCA dustbin system.
Provided with transparent sliding doors and separate compartments, the RCA dustbin allows you to store all objects which have been “wasted with love”. The dustbin can be compared to a shop window creating a link between what is inside and outside of it: instead of “throwing” and “ransacking” you can just “leave” an item and “choose” another one in exchange.
Formerly seen as a place where rubbish is stored, the dustbin becomes a place of “exchange”.
RCA dustbins can be found along the streets or in public spaces (libraries, schools, meeting centres, etc..)
RCA dustbin is a public wardrobe at all the citizens’ disposal.

How it works
RCA awakens public opinion to a new habit: Wasting with love. It is necessary to adapt communication on this project to the specific needs of the public, in order to show how the dustbin must be used and its function in the most efficient way.
A lot of information will be published and both public authorities and municipalities will work hand in hand with RCA people on the smooth running of the project.

Ecological Impact
Waste with love and loving again mean:
- to reduce the quantity of waste heading to incineration or to the dump
- to prolong the life cycle of an item for a more sustainable use of the resources
- to put used items back on the market and avoid the exploitation of raw materials for the production of new ones.

By encouraging all citizens to recycle, RCA works following the rule of the 4 R: (1997 Decreto Ronchi)
1. Reduction of the quantity of the products wasted
2. Use second-hand material
3. Recycle used materials
4. Recycle waste as a new source of energy

RCA is a concrete answer to the needs of several municipalities to find a solution for environmental problems. Waste with love and loving back are “good practices”, important habits within all those communities that want to create a more ecological and sustainable society.

web: rifiuto con affetto